A Few Basic Waveforms

These images are waveform and spectral examples to show how phone transmissions work. Your "scopes" (graphs) are your friend. Learn how to properly use them and it will be hard to not produce good sounding audio.

These pictures are generally too big to show in line, so view each one as you read each section.


Audio_Telephone_Spectral_DTMF-Pure_8bit-8k.png

These are a few DTMF numbers generated by computer in the telephone 8bit 8kHz sampling format. Note the noise columns when there is signal and the absolute silence (black) after the numbers stop. 8bit 8kHz audio is by no means a clean format.


Audio_Telephone_Spectral_Voice_LowBR.png

This is what a voice recording looks like in telephone audio format. Notice the telephone has trouble with middle frequencies and that the noise floor is always high.


Audio_Telephone_Waveform_Bad_DCOffset_AsymmetricalSmash_LowBR.png

This file came from one of my linux voice modem programs I tested. Notice the bias is low, the waveform is asymmetrically smashed, and it was recorded really low from the large blocks in the area that is supposed to be silence.